The Impact Of Environmental Sustainability On The...

Kristina King Soc 327 October 9, 2015 Reflection Paper # 1 If out of the 17 U.N. Millennium Development Goals for 2030 could be achieved, I feel that ensuring environmental sustainability would be most crucial. Environmental sustainability and development is necessary to reduce poverty and increase the wellbeing of not only today’s people, but for future generations.(1) These global environment isssues require a global solution. However inequality between countries creates environmental issues, uneven development, and difficulty and finding solutions. (2) I believe as humans we are dependent on the environment. Sustaining the environment to me trumpets all other goals the UN proposes to meet. Ensuring environmental stability is the core that allows the other goals listed to be able to function. Finding a solution to poverty and hunger is a very critical goal I would love to see met, but that cannot function without first providing a sound stable safe environment. Environmental sustainability is intertwined with poverty, hunger, and disease. Climate changes and global poverty combined affect the people of the poor rural areas that are dependent on natural resources for their survival and support to their families. How important can the issue of maternal health and universal education be to the laymen of these rural areas, who are worried about providing their families next meal. Ensuring environmental sustainability falls under goal 7. Four main targets are listed inShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Environmental Sustainability On The Environment1523 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Environmental sustainability is a major cause for concern in the world today. The entire world has come to the realization of some of the dangers posed by unsafe environmental practices such as dumping of effluents into the sea and releasing smoke and dust into the atmosphere. There has been a renewed interest in handling the environmental concerns by making deliberate and collaborative efforts to address the situation (Blewitt 17). The coming into force of legal instruments such asRead MoreThe Environment And Sustainable Development Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesMrema is an environmental activist who uses her passion of law to help sustain the environment. Sharon Clark is a principle at the office of the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development (CESD), and uses her background in political science to examine the government s impact on the environment. Finally, graduates of Dalhousie’s Sustainability program explain where their degree in sustainability has taken them. Through the stories of people who have applied sustainability to thingsRead MoreThe Incompatibility Between Economic Sustainability And Ecological Sustainability1714 Words   |  7 Pagesincompatibility between economic sustainability and ecological sustainability is a contentious issue, specifically within the area of politics, technology, society, financial economies and environmental issues. When discussing such a matter the terms, sustainability, economic sustainability and ecological sustainability should be defined. Sustainability: the equality of environmental, social and economic necessities between today’s generation and tomorrow’s generation. Economic Sustainability: the employment ofRead MoreSustainability Accounting And Non Financial Reporting1052 Words   |  5 Pagesnewly established area in accounting, sustainability accounting and reporting extends the traditional model of financial and non-financial reporting to incorporate the company’s operational information, social and environmental activities, and their ability to deal with related risks. Not only do these acts have effects on society and the environment, but they also directly impact company’s financial statements. The most widely accepted definition of sustainability that has emerged over time is the â€Å"tripleRead MoreCase study Question 1 Community expectations are not static as they change with the passage of1000 Words   |  4 Pagesorganisations are required to be responsive to current and future changes to the environment in which they operate to maintain their legitimacy. To find the current expectations of the community and changes occurred in their expectations over time, often attitudinal surveys are conducted. In 1996, according to the survey, crime was the largest social issue followed by health, education, unemployment and environment. In this priority of concerns of the public, organisations need to pay attentionRead MoreManagement Of Information Technology ( Bco6653 )1376 Words   |  6 Pagesorganisation. Green IT is a combination of multiple features such as cost of wastage and recycling, environmental efficiency and sustainable environment. As mentioned by () It is important to know that there are direct and indirect impacts of Green It. The direct impact decreases the effect of IT on environment and the indirect impact arises when IT is used in the process of initiation foe sustainability. The major objective of Green IT strategy is to save energy and manage the related costs while steadilyRead MoreGlobal Business And Its Sustainability Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness and its sustainability can contribute significantly to present and upcoming accomplishment of organizatio ns. A major success factor for change towards sustainability in corporate world is incorporation of environmental, economic and societal goals. This incorporation is an important achievement, however it require a systematic approach which itself is a major challenge for organizations. Therefore, there is a significant need to acknowledge subject’s related to sustainability, which shouldRead MorePuma Corporation s Integrative Managerial Issues Regarding Social Responsibility Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pagespractices. One corporation that exceeds expectations when it comes to corporate social responsibility is Puma Corporation. Their latest social responsibility initiatives aim to tackle such important issues as globalization, social sustainability, and environmental sustainability. Puma Corporation is an international company that designs, develops, and sells various types of sportswear, including footwear, clothing, and accessories. Founded in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler, this corporation has grown to be oneRead MoreEffective Governance And Sustainability : An Definition Of Sustainable Development1398 Words   |  6 PagesEffective governance and sustainability are increasingly important considerations for governments, organizations, business leaders, investors, consumers and many other stakeholders throughout the world. Good corporate governance and complexity of sustainable development demands for global cooperation, based mainly on joint co-ordination of strategies and adopting of the best decisions. 1.1 Definition of sustainable Development: the term sustainable development was popularized in our common futureRead MoreSustainability Reporting Of The United States1672 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Sustainability reporting in the United States is still a work in progress. While more countries around the world are requiring companies to report the effects of their business activities as part of their annual report, this practice is still voluntary in the US. Even though sustainability reporting is not required, companies generally disclose sustainable information on their websites or through social media. Being social responsible builds a certain type of bond that brings internal and The Impact Of Environmental Sustainability On The... Introduction Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (1, 2). Figure 1-Sustainable development: the interaction of social Environmental and Economic factors (3) The purpose of the report inspired by the above statement made on the Brundtland Report, 1987, is to link the concept of environmental sustainability to architecture and in particular in the context of city planning, building design and materials. The topic was chosen by the author as is in direct relation with his discipline of Civil and structural engineering. The way buildings are constructed and decommissioned has a major impact on the environment as well as the society itself. The incorporation of sustainability in the architectural design can help the creation of self-sufficient, stable, economically viable communities. The ecological footprint of a structure in terms of an individual unit or a whole set of units composing a metropolis, should not have a detrimental effect to the already heavily affected by humans’ natural environment (4). There is a way through smart design, innovative thinking and technological innovation to not only limit the detrimental effects of the construction but also make a positive contribution to environment and cater in a better way for the people’s physical and psychological wellbeing(4, 5). Several paradigms in the main body of the report do demonstrate that theShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Sustainability And Global Warming1249 Words   |  5 Pages Sustainability ‘Sustainability’ and all its connotations have become the term of the millennium thus far, although it was an idea introduced in the 1980’s. It encompasses many interpretations, and has taken on a very loaded and preconceived meaning. Many have a vision of green initiatives and global warming-based issues, but what does it mean to the in today’s society? Even when narrowed to the disciplines of architecture and planning, it is a multifaceted and loaded concept. Kenny and MeadowcroftRead MoreHuman And Natural Drivers Of Climate Change1732 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Change in relation to Architecture Tallis Holloway - s5015034 There are many human and natural drivers of climate change, cities and buildings in particular are increasingly affected by risks linked to rapid environmental changes and their impact themselves on the atmosphere however architect s can help limit many contributing factors. This paper examines the role of this profession, architecture s contribution to climate change mitigation/adaption and how architect s can assist in limitingRead MoreSustainable Education And Green Campus Design Creating A Marketing Value For The Universities1498 Words   |  6 PagesHigher Education Development in Turkey through Participation-Empowerment of the Community and Green Campus Design Creating a Marketing Value for the Universities. Sub-topics: 1. Sustainable Architecture Definition 2. Sustainable Initiatives/Policies 3. Social Sustainability 4. Sustainable Architecture as Branding 6. Rethinking the Principles of Sustainable Higher Education 1. Sustainable Architecture Definition 1.1. Bruntland, Gro. Our common future: The world commission on environment and developmentRead MoreEnvironmental Impact On The Environmental Crisis1675 Words   |  7 Pages1.1.3 Ecological Design: The evident response to the environmental crisis One natural response to the current crisis and the shift in designers’ discourse has been the engagement in Ecological Design, or Eco-design, described by Orr (2002) as a large concept that joins science and the practical arts with ethics, politics, and economics that, requires â€Å"not just a set of generic design skills but rather the collective intelligence of a community of people applied to particular problems in a particularRead MoreArb Part 1 Sample3118 Words   |  13 PagesThe Analytical Commentary for Part 1 Prescribed Exam GC1 Design GC1.1 The project 9 Crescent Road (A) meets the required criteria by demonstrating how analysis, research, context, budget, preparation and development of a brief inform a design proposal. 1.1.1 Analysis of information is sourced throughout Work Stages A-C: (Stages A-B) †¢ Initial (A1) client brief †¢ Site Survey (A6) †¢ Design Brief (A2) analysing the clients spatial requirements †¢ Fee Proposal (A4)Read MoreHolistic Urban Initiatives: Curitiba, Brazil Essay example1369 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Curitiba is globally recognized for its innovative urban strategies that have allowed the city to grow in a controlled and socially equitable manner. The unique political culture that drove the sweeping changes in Curitiba can be best described as a benevolent authoritarian regime. An authoritarian style of governance is not typically associated with comprehensive and inclusive urban planning, however the cast of characters that set the stage for comprehensive development worked as a collectiveRead MoreDifferent Climatic Conditions For Marine Desert Areas6797 Words   |  28 Pages Design Objectives And Response The objective behind the design of houses depending on the climate is to reduce the uncomfortable weather conditions that have been created by the drought and high temperatures. Buildings must be adapted to bear the contradiction in temperature between summer and winter, as well as night and day. Like there is a need for coolingRead MoreRole Of Engineers During The Planning Process2157 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Peace Bridge is a cycle-footpath bridge across the River Foyle in Derry, Ireland. It connected the Walled city centre and the Ebrington redevelopment site. The bridge opened to the public in 25 June 2011. Peace Bridge won many excellence awards such as Structural Steel Design award, ICE North East Region Robert Stephenson award and the Overall planning award by the Irish Planning Institute. The government and the public have described the bridge as a sustainable infrastructure asset, whichRead MoreDesign - Student Center Case Study and Analysis (Complete)5503 Words   |  23 Pages------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Definition †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Design Parameters †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Design Strategies †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Case Studies of a Student Center Foreign †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Local †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18 Site Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 24 Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 27 Space ProgrammingRead MoreEmerging Cities Of The Arab Emirates3204 Words   |  13 PagesEmerging Cities in United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates is a very wealthy country due to their global position in the export of oil. Within this country is home of two prestigious cities in the development of becoming international hubs within the business and social world. Dubai is developing as the significant commercial gateway to the Middle East. As stated by Mike Davis, in his article called, â€Å"Sand, Fear, and Money in Dubai† he says, â€Å"Dubai is a prototype of the new post-global city, which

An Analysis of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas...

Background: Radical Islamism in the Middle East Throughout the course of history, particularly over the last century, the Middle East has been identified as a growing source of hostility and violence due to its extensive involvement in religious conflict, ethnic rivalry, territorial dispute, and war. Poor governance, as well as the absence of an effective civil society and the lack of the rule of law, has led to the demise of several states within the region. Such instability has fostered the growth of religious extremism and brutality while insurgent groups and established terrorist organizations have converted these territories into safe havens to facilitate their radical operations. As a result, almost every country in the Middle East†¦show more content†¦The Islamic Resistance Movement adopted its belief system from one of the darkest times in history: the Holocaust. Hamas possesses a radical Islamist ideology of blatant anti-Semitism in which it openly calls for â€Å" the killing of Jews, destroying the state of Israel and replacing Israel with a radical Islamist theocracy.† In spite of this, Hamas derives its guidelines from the Islamic religion; the movement refers to the Qur’an for its thinking, understanding and views about existence, life and humanity, inspiration, and conduct. On account of the movement’s Islamic core, Hamas invites all Muslims who share similar beliefs and judgment to join in its ranks to fulfill their religious obligation to Allah. Since Hamas is an interrelated branch of the Muslim Brotherhood, there is a lot of overlap in the viewpoints between the two movements concerning the same key issues, as stated in article two of the charter. While the primary goal of both factions is to transformShow MoreRelatedEssay on Hamas2640 Words   |  11 Pagesof a Terrorist Group Hamas:    The Group’s Origins       â€Å"Hamas is an Arabic acronym for the Islamic Resistance Movement†.       A long history of suicide bombings and other attacks on Israeli civilians and military targets has earned Hamas a well deserved reputation as a murderous terrorist organization.    Hamas’s origins stretch back decades through the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine; and Hamas took it current shape during the early years of the intifada. Hamas was not only formed to resistRead MoreEvolution Of The Islamic State8537 Words   |  35 PagesIntroduction The so-called â€Å"Islamic State,† also known as ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) or ISIL (Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant), has captivated the world’s attention as of late. Its brutal tactics, vehement opposition to western-influenced societal norms, and ultra-radical interpretation of Sharia law have sent scholars, journalists, government officials, and ordinary citizens into a frenzy trying to comprehend this troubling phenomenon. ISIS is responsible for countless atrocitiesRead MoreAshes Of Ham The Muslim Brotherhood1992 Words   |  8 PagesThe novel Ashes of Hama: The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria attempts to bridge the gap of knowledge towards the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood through an objectively comprehensive examination of the political, historical, and ideological evolution of the party. Raphaà «l Lefà ¨vre attempts to rectify the lack of concrete knowledge through accessing the memoirs of two former Syrian jihadists (Mutafa Setmarian Nasar and Ayman al-Shorbaj) and creates a clear narrative of the events in chronological order. ThisRead MoreAnalyzing Hezbollah And Its Use Of Violence Against Israel3344 Words   |  14 Pagesincorporation of political Islam. Slightly diverging from previous areas of scholarly research and analysis, this paper will, from a political economy perspective, drawing facts from history, assess Hezbollah’s strategic use of violence in its resistance against Israel, precisely during the period from 1982 to 2000.2 In this paper, I argue that Hezbollah was able to achieve its goals of resistance against Israeli occupation in south Lebanon, because of its ability to secure a strategic relationshipRead MoreAshes Of Ham The Muslin Brotherhood1987 Words   |  8 PagesThe novel Ashes of Hama: The Muslin Brotherhood in Syria attempts to bridge the gap of knowledge towards the Syrian Muslin Brotherhood through an objectively comprehensive examination of the political, historical, and ideological evolution of the party. Raphaà «l Lefà ¨vre attempts to rectify the lack of concrete knowledge through accessing the memoirs of two former Syrian jihadists (Mutafa Setmarian Nasar and Ayman al-Shorbaj) and creates a clear narrative of the events in chronological order. ThisRead MoreStrategic Relations Between Saudi Arabia And Iraq3133 Words   |  13 Pagesfor support. From Iran’s perspective too, when viewed though this sectarian prism, it would seem to be expedient to support a nominally Shia regime in order to prevent Syria becoming another member of the regional ‘Sunni campâ⠂¬â„¢. In support of this analysis, Agha and Khalidi claim that â€Å"the Shiite-Alawite connection did play an important part in the development of Syrian-Iranian relations and may in fact be seen as one of the main motors of the of the emerging alliance between the two countries† (AghaRead MoreHas the Nature of Terrorism Changed over the Last Thirty Years?2896 Words   |  12 Pagesthree specific examples of terrorist campaigns. This essay will endeavour to give an historical analysis of contemporary terrorism and its changing nature by focusing on three specific terrorist campaigns over the last thirty years. The essay will begin by first presenting a definition of terrorism and will move on to provide a brief account of the geographical shift in terrorism by discussing the movement from territorial based terrorism to more ideological focused campaigns. In addition, it will giveRead MoreHuman Right For The People Of Israel And Palestine3556 Words   |  15 Pagesdisenfranchised groups. Women who had participated in literacy programs and skill- training courses initiated by the women’s committees, provided Palestinian women in the Gaza Strip and West Bank with an opportunity and an incentive to join the women’s movement and utilize what they had learned. As a means to protect their homes, families and communities, a majority of Palestinian women became politically involved. In the progression of this involvement, women learned vital skills, which prompted them toRead MoreThe Formation of Arab Nations1956 Words   |  8 Pagesreligion until the 1990 Gulf War. In a successful effort to gain the support of his citizens for the invasion of Kuwait, Hussein used religious reasons to construct his argument (Long 67). He added the phrase â€Å"God is Great† to the national flag, a key Islamic phrase (Long). By 2003, and the US invasion of Iraq, religion had become an integral part of Iraqi nationalism. Egypt, perhaps the epitome of Arab nationalism, also experienced upheaval after the end of World War II. Egypt had a military coup inRead MoreThe Fluctuating Fortunes Of Counterinsurgency : Is Tossing The Coin A Reasonable Approach?3422 Words   |  14 Pagesâ€Å"post-conflict† rather that there would be a â€Å"very different type of sustained cold war.† The war on terrorism as it stood then was and would be â€Å"only a part of a period of continuing tension and episodic crises in dealing with hostile extremist movements and regimes, that could last for decades. Sustained by deep economic problems and demographic pressures that would create a youth explosion, and by the regional failures of secularism at both the political and ideological level, these threats would

Ramanujam free essay sample

Ramanujans first collection of poems The Striders appeared in 1966. In 1969 he won the gold medal of the Tamil Writers* Association for his translation of the classical Tamil anthology Kurunihohai into English under the title The Interior Landscape. Relations appeared in 1971. His next book, Speaking of Siva* translations from medieval Kannada literature* was given the National Book Award in 1974. Ramanujans other important publications are The Literature of India; An Introduction (1975) and Selected Poems (1976). Ramanujans poetry is an amalgam of Indian and American experiences. Its origin is *recollected personal emotion*. He draws upon our cultural traditions and the ethos of the orthodox Hindu family life. The major theme in his poetry is a pensive obsession with the familial and racial reminiscences. Even ordinary incidents and experiences seem to provide him with new insights enabling his memory to travel back nostalgically into the happenings of two or three generations. His favourite disciplines linguistics and anthropology gave him the outer forms linguistic, metrical, logical and other such ways of shaping experience*. Ramanujan has drawn effectively on the folklore tradition and each poem presents a kaleidoscopic view of the colour patterns of existence. Passion and reason characterise his poetry suggesting a desperate need for evolving an integrated personality in a chaotic world-of several alienations. Ramanujans poetry is essentially Indian in material and sensibility. He explains the paradox in a note to Twentieth Century Indian Poets: English and my disciplines (linguistics, anthropology) give me my outer forms— linguistic, metrical, logical and other such ways of shaping experience, and my first thirty years in India, my frequent visits and field trips, my personal and professional preoccupation with Kannada, Tamil, the classics and folklores give me my substance, my Inner forms, images and symbols. They are continuous with each other, and I no longer can tell what comes from where. A. K. Ramanujan occupies a prominent place as a poet in the cosmos of Indo-Anglian poetry. He has earned the name and fame all over the world after the publication of his two volumes of poetry — â€Å"The Striders† (1966) and â€Å"Relations† (1971). After the promulgation of â€Å"The Striders† he won a ‘Poetry Book Society Recommendation’ and established his position as â€Å"one of the most talented of the ‘new’ poets. †1 William Walsh rightly evaluated him as â€Å"the most gifted poet. † â€Å"Kurunthohai. † He has also translated into English poetry in Tamil and Kannada in The Interior Landscape (1967) and Speaking of Siva (1972)respectively. Each and every piece of his literary output in Kannada and Tamil proclaimed a new epoch in vernacular literature. Ramanujan’s poetry reflects a touch of humanity, Indian ethos and pertinence of life. Ramanujan is an example of a polished, sophisticated and profound multiculturalism. His English poetry incorporates and assimilates linguistic, literary and cultural features of Kannada and Tamil into the linguistic, literary and cultural form of English literature. Like the house in Small Scale Reflections on a Great House he absorbs the Western model to express a supposedly Indian way of being. He blended the India and European models into new forms. He has the ability to tolerate, accommodate and assimilate other cultures without losing consciousness of being an Indian. Ramanujam’s poetry exemplifies how an Indian poet in English could derive strength by forging back to his roots. In poem after poem he goes back to his childhood memories and experiences of life in India. There is no attempt to disown the richness of the past. This insistent preoccupation with the past produces a poetry in which memory plays a significant creative role. It is not emotion recollected in tranquility but recollection emotionalized in untranqui moments that appear to be the driving force behind much of Ramanujans poetry. Time and again a hood/ of memory like a coil on a heath unfolds in the mind. Ramanujan’s tones and temperaments fascinate the critical privilege of the people because of his poetic height and perception. Bruce King betrays this idea : â€Å"Ramanujan is widely read in India, along with Western and Westerninfluenced modern Indian poetry in Indian languages. This unpredictable fusion of varied roots in Ramanujan’s poetry is true of the attitudes it expresses. † The poet seeks direct meaning to life. He opines that poetry has no value without the meaning of life. He evinces his deep sympathy â€Å"for a most disadvantaged section of Indian society, the women. †Ramanujan garnishes an intimate feeling and an individual turning point to the narrative technique. He indicates the common human situation through his individual experience. He has a mastery of words and in his poems each word is used adroitly, attentively, accurately and economically. He has effectively demonstrated to his contemporaries the supreme significance of having roots and has also shown glimpses of the vitality the work of a poet acquires when he succeedeven partially in his attempt. He has derived his poetic technique from the ancient Kannada and Tamil verse and the poets of today have synthesized oriental and occidental models into new forms. Ramanujan’s technical accomplishment in incontestable and his thematic strategy is precisely the right one for a poet in his position. He has completely exploited the opportunities his material offers him. Ramanujan’s poetic technique is critically examined by M. K. Naik : â€Å"In poetic technique, of all his contemporaries, Ramanujan appears to have the surest touch, for he never lapses into romantic cliche. His unfailing sense of rhythm gives a fitting answer to those who hold that complete inwardness with language is possible only to a poet writing in his mother tongue. Though he writes in open forms, his verse is extremely tightly constructed. † Ramanujan is very often extolled for â€Å"his unique tone of voice, a feature that accounts for the characteristic style of his poetry. † I chose A. K Ramanujan for two main reasons. First of all it is agreed by many that he is the best English Indian poet till date. His style of writing and his representation of thoughts has been appreciated by all. Secondly, as a kid too I had acquaintance with Ramanujan’s work and like the poet from that time. Otherwise too his poetry shows very beautiful use of poetic tool mainly metaphors and imagery and it is comparatively easy to understand. As a person trying to write a little poetry myself I figured by taking his poems I would be able to learn some fundamentals. Elements of Composition Composed as I am, like others, of elements on certain well-known lists, father’s seed and mothers egg gathering earth, air, fire, mostly water, into a mulberry mass, moulding calcium, carbon, even gold, magnesium and such, into a chattering self tangled in love and work, scary dreams, capable of eyes that can see, only by moving constantly, the constancy of things like Stonehenge or cherry trees; add uncles eleven fingers making shadow-plays of rajas and cats, hissing, becoming fingers again, the look of panic on sisters face an hour before her wedding, a dated newspaper map, f a place one has never seen, maybe no longer there after the riots, downtown Nairobi, that a friend carried in his passport as others would a womans picture in their wallets; add the lepers of Madurai, male, female, married, with children, lion faces, crabs for claws, clotted on their shadows under the stone-eyed goddesses of dance, mere pillars, moving as nothing on earth can move — I pass throug h them as they pass through me taking and leaving affections, seeds, skeletons, millennia of fossil records of insects that do not last a day, body-prints of mayflies, a legend half-heard n a train of the half-man searching for an ever-fleeing other half through Muharram tigers, hyacinths in crocodile waters, and the sweet twisted lives of epileptic saints, and even as I add I lose, decompose, into my elements into other names and forms, past, and passing, tenses without time, caterpillar on a leaf, eating, being eaten. About the poem: Its a poem of definition; hes defining himself, and wonderfully imaginative. Almost every line is a winner. Composed as I am like others of elements on certain well known lists is an appealing way of beginning the poem. The poem is about the elements of composition and talks about the ideas of the five elements the earth, the fire, the wind, the water and the sky, as listed in Hindu religion. The other list being the 100-odd elements that the chemistry books talk about. The poem begins with talking about composition and ends with decomposition (the caterpillars, eating and being eaten). This transformation of the idea has been produced with a fine mastery. All the elements like gold, magnesium, calcium etc. are gathered into a chattering self, tangled in love and work is an excellent line. â€Å"Capable of eyes that can see, nly by moving constantly, the constancy of things† A beautiful reflection. The eyes can see, only by moving them constantly, the constancy of things, like the Stonehenge or the cherry tree. The physical eyes can see the beauty of nature or a great work of art only by moving them constantly. One should watch things which are in a continuous state of flux over a period of t ime to grasp the inherent beauty of nature and a great work of art. â€Å"add uncles eleven fingers making shadow-plays of rajas and cats, hissing, becoming fingers again, the look of panic on sisters face an hour before† A lovely reminiscence of the poet about his uncle’s dexterity in shadow-play using his eleven fingers to create fascinating images of kings ,cats etc and sounds like hissing and the transformation of the shadows to fingers again. The humor in this is also appealing. Next lines reflect his sister’s fear of an impending tragedy just before her wedding. Through this and many other examples cited in the poem, everybody can relate to the poem. Then his mood changes to other face of life that he has seen or experienced which may be called a sad fraction of life but it is there still. He pictures the horrific existence of the mutilated lepers of Madurai against the exquisitely ornate stone sculptures of goddesses of dance in the majestic Meenakshi temple. All these are the very elements of which he and they are composed. They pass through him as he passes through them. The whole poem is about what we are composed of , the different forms in which the elements combine , the impact of time on the composition ,the process of the decomposition (the Madurai lepers) and finally death and destruction (eating and being eaten). In â€Å"Elements of Composition† he feels deep grief over the pitiable position of the leprous men of Madurai. The deformed postures of lepers and their troublesome movement reduce them to a skeleton, â€Å"Pillars†. The poet is anxious about the miserable condition of the lepers and so he calls gods and goddesses as â€Å"stone-eyed. Thus in this poem Ramanujam expresses his thoughts through the basic theory that all human beings are made out of same elements. He uses imagery and metaphor very dextrally and beautifully. Through this we also get to know about his soft soft for less fortunate human beings. Self-Portrait I resemble everyone ut myself, and sometimes see in shop-windows despite the well-knownlaws of optics, the portrait of a stranger, date unknown, often signed in a corner by my father. About the poem: This is an early poem written by Shri A. K. Ramanujam. In this he describes how every one of us, even if craving for a separate identity of ourselves, look like others. This similarity may not be present only in our looks but also our actions and personality. In the very first line he uses contrast as a tool to bring an element of surprise to the reader. The reader is made to want to know what he means when he says he resembles everyone but himself. How can that be possible and what does he mean by that. Then he goes on to say that he sees in shop windows that the image that is his own reflection doesn’t does his face but it is a portrait of someone else, maybe of many people in congregation but not his own for sure. He mentions the laws of optics to make it clear that it is not something supernatural happening here. Every law of nature is being followed suitably. Finally he recognizes that maybe he knows whose portrait is this. The portrait shows his forefathers mainly his own father. Metaphor has been use d extensively in this poem. The image being seen by the poet in a shopping window is nothing but self realization that al his actions and personality reflects that of his own father and there is nothing to believe that he has been unique in his actions or pursuits as yet. Thus Ramanujam has shown that he truly is a master of disguise. The poem relates the idea of everyone looking uniform. It is hard for people to be unique and find their own way. The common goal seems to be having a nice car, a lot of money and owning an expensive house or two. I believe people do put on a cover and see â€Å"the portrait of a stranger† staring back at them. While for the most part this is the common pattern, there are some people who attempt to be different and break this mold. Snakes No, it does not happen when I walk through the woods. But, walking in museums of quartz or the aisles of book stacks, looking at their geometry without curves and the layers of transparency that makes them opaque, dwelling on the yellowier vein in the yellow amber 10 or touching a book that has gold on its spine, I think of snakes* The twirls of their hisses rise like the tiny dust-cones on slow-noon roads 15 winding through the farmers* feet. Black lorgnettes are etched on their hoods, idiculous, alien, like some terrible aunt, a crest among tiles and scales that moult with the darkening half 20 of every moon. A basketful of ritual cobras comes into the tame little house, their brown- wheat glisten ringed with ripples They lick the room with their bodies, curves 25 uncurling, writing a sibilant alphabet of panic on my floor. Mother gives them milk in sauc ers. She watches them suck and bare the black-line design etched on the brass of the saucer. The snakeman wreathes their writhing round his neck for fathers smiling money. But I scream. Sister ties her braids with a knot of tassel But the weave of her knee-long braid has scales, their gleaming held by a score of clean new pins. I look till I see her hair again. My night full of ghosts from a sadness in a play, my left foot listens to my right footfall, a clockwork clicking in the silence within my walking. The clickshod heel suddenly strikes and slushes on a snake: I see him turn, 45 the green white of his belly measured by bluish nodes, a water-bleached lotus stalk plucked by a landsman hand. Yet panic rushes my body to my feet, my spasms wring and drain his fear and mine. I leave him sealed a flat-head whiteness on a stain. Now frogs can hop upon this sausage rope, flies in the sun will mob the look in his eyes, and I can walk through the woods. A basketful of ritual cobras Comes into the tame little house, Their brown-wheat glisten ringed with ripples. They lick the room with their bodies, curves Uncurling, writing a sibilant alphabet of panic On my floor. Mother gives them milk In saucers. She watches them suck And bare the black line design Etched on the brass of saucer. The snakes man wreathes their writhing Round his neck For father’s smiling Money. But I scream. Sister ties her braids With a knot of tassel. But the weave of her knee-long braid has scales, Their gleaming held by a score of clean new pins. I look till I see her again. About the poem: This is the second poem of the volume ‘The Striders’. When the poet moves in museums among stacks of books his subconscious remembers with tenacious fascination his early years in India. Snakes is among the best poems of Ramanujam. The poem begins on a note of suspense with an emphatic, No, it does not happen when I walk through thewood. This happens when he is walking through museums or libraries. Thedescription is of a snake that induces fear in the minks of all. The snakes take shelter in the museums, book shelves, glass-shelves, etc. ; The Poet says that the book of yellow vein, yellow amber would remind him of snakes, the shelf which is arranged in geometric lines would remind him of snakes. Ramanujam can be distracted by his own skill for description is seen in the apparently irrelevant but rived detail of the yellow vein in the yellow amber or the book with gold on its spine. The amber yellow and gold and the curves with the imagination think of snakes. The Poet compares the intermittent hissing of the snakes to the little clouds of dust that arise one walks along a dusty road. They have the nature of winding through ones feet exactly the way the snacks do. The hoods, the snacks have display a kind of design resembling the etched black lorgnettes. It looks ridiculous all the same. It is likened to the terrible aunt who is proud of her titles. The snakes scales mount with the warning of the moon. Them, he explains a real incident. One day a snake man has brought a basket full of cobras to the poets home. The snakes are Jet out and the person watches them more on the floor. Their bodies are wheat brown in colour with rings all over. The way they move on the floor looks like a strange alphabet written here and there. The poets mother feeds the snakes with saucers of milk. As they suck the milk, the etched design on the brass reappears. The snake man then wears them on his neck in order to impress the poet’ father. The latter gives him money. The Poet has a sister who has long hair touching the ground. He notices her tying her hair in braids. She takes great care in tending them and decorates them with tassels. These braids look very much like the snakes and the weaves themselves resemble the scales on the body. Both have the nature of shinning brightly. In other works the poet is often reminded of snakes when he looks at the braids of his sister. He is so afraid that he waits impatiently to see hair trimmed and tried up neatly. Then, the poet narrates the happening while he walks along the forest path suddenly he feels as if he is walking on a slippery surface. It is a snake and it writhes in pain. Its body is green -white the bluish nodes resemble a lotus stalk that has been plucked lately. He steps on it until it is dead; He is now confident and is not afraid. He expects the frogs to hop over the sausage rope without fear of being eaten up. The flies can come round the eye part of the snake and he himself has grown at all. In this poem too poet has used metaphor and imagery with amazing fulfilling ness. Through the examples he cited he shows that he is close to India and his native place at that. He has his own share of fears and amusements from his childhood that he reminisces tot his day. He also shows shows his empathy for the poor by mentioning what sankesman has to do just to entertain the rich people. This way of life is there not only in India but everywhere in the world but citing this example from his childhood we get to know about the idea from a child’s eyes. Snakes are held in awe and reverence by religious-minded Hindus. Hindu scriptures are replete with stories of snakes which could claim equality with man and gods. The snake is very much present in the religious consciousness of the Hindus. Ramanujan exploits this ethos in Snakes. The poem originates in the poets 4 hooded memory of the snakes and meanders through experiences concerning snakes and snakesmen. The sudden dawning of memory about snakes which overtakes the poet in anexpected places leads him to the recollection of ritual cobras* in his ancestral home and the weird snakesman with cobras wound round his neck. Snakes concludes with the recapitulation of a night when the poet accidently trampled on a snake with his *clickshod heeP and left it like a sausage rope dead in the woods. Now the woods are safe for the poet! But are they safe for the snake? The lines suggest a sad contrast. The snake which has sent tremors through man is now being preyed upon by frogs and flies. Now the woods are safe for the poet. Probably an ironic statement The Striders And search for certain thin- stemmed, bubble-eyed water bugs. See them perch on dry capillary legs weightless on the ripple skin of a stream. No, not only prophets alk on water. This bug sits on a landslide of lights and drowns eye- deep into its tiny strip of sky About the poem: Strider is the New England name for a water insect The main structural element in the poem is the poets memory going back into his cultural moorings in India, the land of the yogis. The central metaphor, the strider, stands for the yogi who bears several unexpected simil arities with the insect. Ramanujans symbolic exploration into these similarities opens up new insights in the reader and he is persuaded to accept the ingenious identification of the two apparently dissimilar concepts. There is close resemblance between the strider and the yogi in several respects. Like the yogi, the strider also walks on water. Both have bright eyes. The yogi pays no attention to food and comfort and so his legs are thin; the strider also has Capillary legs*. Both the yogi and the strider levitate and meditate. The yogi attains the light of spiritual perfection and the strider sits on a landslide of lights*. The strider is presented as a mystic symbol for the yogi who has attained detachment from this world and is on his way along the illumined path (tiny strip of sky) leading to the Supreme. With eyes like bubbles; bright, shining eyes very thin long legs which look like capillary tubes In the case of the yogi it amounts to levitation, the art of floating in the air with the help of spiritual powers, surface of the stream having ripples walking on water is supposed to be one of the mystical powers of a yogi. Striders also do it suggests the meditative mood. The strider sits concentrating on the tiny strip of sky f . In the case of the yogi, the *tiny strip of sky* is the spiritual path of detachment leading to Enlightenment. On The Death of A Poem Image consult one another, a conscience- tricken jury, and come slowly to a sentence. I love the economy of words and the playful pun on the word â€Å"sentence† . The poetic process ,if one may call it that, is such that the poem dies still-born at times leaving the poet disgruntled . Some times the sentence may come out after all which will produce a semblance of a poem . At other times the verse describing the process is itself a lovely poem as this one is. Of Mothers, among Other Things I smell upon this twisted backbone tree the silk and white petal of my mother’s youth. From her ear-rings three diamonds splash a handful of needles, 5 nd I see my mother ran back from rain to the crying cradles. The rains tack and sew with broken thread the rags of the tree-tasselled light 10 But her hands are a wet eagles two black pink-crinkled feet, one talon crippled in a garden- trap set for a mouse. Her sarees do not cling: they hang, loose 15 feather of a onetime wing. Gathered Grace My cold parchment tongue licks bark in the mouth when I see her four still sensible fingers slowly flex to pick a grain of rice from the kitchen floor. 20 About the Poem : The source of the poem is familial memory, memory about the mother. The imagery in the first two lines suggests the futility of the poetic language in expressing the bitter memory. The poet nostalgically recalls through several tough and rough images the loving care of a mother. The mothers figure emerges mingled with the pathos of the poets childhood, memory serving as a catalyst Consciousness goes back to resurrect a memory symbol. It is the Mother in white silk wearing diamond earrings, thin in appearance and with a crippled palm. The imagery in the last two lines serves as an objective correlative and makes others almost ineffective. The figure of the mother flexing her fingers to pick a grain of rice from the kitchen floor is one of the most touching homely imageries in all Ramanujans poetry. The black bone tree reminds the poet of his young mother wearing a white silk saree. The saree is wound on her giving a twisted appearance especially because she is thin, piercing rays of reflected light that appears like needles fasten and stitch light that passes through the tree-leaves and branches giving them an appearance of a cluster of shining tassels, pink coloured, cramp and wrinkled feet Exposure to rain made the feet so. The crippled palm of the mother. The palm was crippled in a minor accident with a mousetrap. When I see kitchen : A touching picture of the floor mother trying to pick a grain of rice from the kitchen floor, probably a crumb left behind by the son after his rice-meal. Still Another for Mother And that woman beside the wreckage van on Hyde Park street: she will not let me rest as I slowly cease to be the towns brown stranger and guest She had thick glasses on. Was large, buxom, 5 like some friends mother. Wearing chintz like all of them who live there, eating mints on the days verandahs. And the handsome hort-limbed man with a five-finger patch of gray 10 laid on his widows peak, turned and left her as I walked at them out of the after- glow of a whisky sour. She stood there as if nothing had happened yet (perhaps nothing did) flickered at by the neons on the door, 15 the edges of her dress a fuzz, lit red. Fumbled at keys, wishbone shadows on the catwalk, as though they were not keys , but words after talk, or even beads. He walked straight on, towards me, beyond me, didnt stop at the clicks of red 20 on the signals. And she just stood there, looking at his walking on, me looking at her looking on. She wanted then not to be absent perhaps on the scene 25 if he once so much as even thought of looking back. Perhaps they had fought. Worse still, perhaps they had not fought 57 I discovered that mere walking was polite 30 and walked on, as if nothing had happened to her, or to me: something opened in the past and I heard something shut in the future, quietly, 35 like the heavy door of my mothers black-pillared, nineteenth-century silent house, given on her marriage day to my father, for a dowry. About the Poem: The poem is based on an incident involving a woman and her husband on Hyde Park Street. This chance experience releases a flood of memory. The woman and her husband appear to have been there only to separate. The woman is large and buxom, the man is handsome and short-limbed. He left her at the doorsteps fumbling for the keys and walked on straight nonchalantly. The woman looks on at her husbands walking and the poet looks at her looking on. However, this experience disturbs the poets rest, Something opened in the past with repercussions on the future. Essentially, the poem is an attempt to retreat into the past to discover a sense of well- being in the image of the mother. The woman on Hyde Park Street opens the door of the poets consciousness to reveal his mothers nineteenth century house given to his father as dowry. The house sanctified the marriage and later the very birth of the poet The ‘simile’ used in fifth line has been used very wisely and it tells us that the poet is skillful artist when it comes to using this tool. the memory about the mother house is inseparable from that of the house. The house as dowry was one of the stabilizing links between mother and father. A River In Madurai, city of temples and poets, who sang of cities and temples, every summer a river dries to a trickle n the sand, baring the sand ribs, straw and womens hair clogging the watergates at the rusty bars under the bridges with patches of repair all over them the wet stones glistening like sleepy crocodiles, the dry ones shaven water-buffaloes lounging in the sun The poets only sang of the floods. He was there for a day when they had the floods. People everywhere talked of the inches rising, of the precise number of cobbled steps run over by the water, rising on the bathing places, and the way it carried off three village houses, one pregnant woman and a couple of cows named Gopi and Brinda as usual. The new poets still quoted he old poets, but no one spoke in verse of the pregnant woman drowned, with perhaps twins in her, kicking at blank walls even before birth. He said: the river has water enough to be poetic about only once a year and then it carries away in the first half-hour three village houses, a couple of cows named Gopi and Brinda and one pregnant woman expecting identical twins with no moles on their bodies, with different coloured diapers to tell them apart. About the poem : â€Å"A River† is one of Ramanujam’s finest poems appeared in â€Å"The Striders† in 1966. It is a poem on the vaigai which flours throu gh Madurai. A City that has been the seat of Tamil Culture. The poem is an evocation of a river. The poet refers to the river as a helping as well as a destructive force. In the Sangam Period the city had many great pundits who sang the glory of their town, Language asd river, They wrote profusely when the river was in spate. At the same time there were times when the river remained dry. On the Sandy bed could be seen he hair and stow dogging the Watergates. The iron bars under the bridge are in need of repair. The wet stones all like the sleeping crocodiles. The dry stones look like the sharen buffaloes. It is a wonder for the poet because not too often such scenes are described by the poets. The water in the river makes all the poets imaginative and sing verses about it. A poet visits the river and examines the scene quite closely. But the scene witnessed by him is different. As it was raining the level of the water in the river kept rising. The whole city was flooded. Three village houses were swept away. The news came of a pregnant lady and a couple of cows being washed away. Even the new poets do not bother to write about all these things. They look at it still in the old way as seen by the old poets. A careful, imaginative consideration should bring in many things so far unsaid about the river. It is a pity that no one has the heart to feel about the heart with twin children in her womb getting drowned in the river. In â€Å"A River† Ramanujan throws light on the reality of the present and the past. In the past, the poets were the appreciators of the cities, temples, rivers, streams and are indifferent to the miseries of human beings and animals. The river dries to a trickle in every summer the â€Å"poets sang only of the floods. † Flood is the symbol of destruction to person and property. The poets of today still quoted the old poets sans the relevancy of life: â€Å"The new poets still quoted the old poets, but no one spoke in verse of the pregnant woman – drowned, with perhaps twins in her, kicking at the blank walls even before birth. † The image of â€Å"pregnant woman† implies a fine example of two generations, the present and the future. K. Sumana in a lucid manner: â€Å"The poet narrates the poem through the mouth of a visitor to make it objective. The greatness of the poem lies in the fact that the traditional praise for river has been contrasted with what is actually experienced by the people during the floods. Apart from presenting the grim realities of a rover in spate, Ramanujan hints at the sterility of new Tamil poets who still quoted the old poets. † Extended Family Yet like grandfather I bathe before the village crow the dry chlorine water my only Ganges the naked Chicago bulb a cousin of the Vedic sun slap soap on my back like father and think in proverbs like me I wipe myself dry with an unwashed Sears turkish towel like mother I hear faint morning song (though here it sounds Japanese) and three clear strings next door through kitchen clatter like my little daughter I play shy and over crotch my body not yet full of thoughts novels and children I hold my peepee like my little son play garden hose in and out the bathtub like my grandson I look up unborn at myself like my great great-grandson I am not yet may never be my future dependent on several people yet to come About the Poem : This poem tells us the way poet attaches himself to his native place and his roots even when he is residing in a foreign country and using foreign made products He says that he is as much attached to his pedigree that he feels the connection even to this day in his everyday pursuits. He says that when he bathes in the dry chlorine water in the city, he still feels it is the same water of Ganges his grandfather used to bathe in in open, and maybe he accompanied him many a times. He compares the electric bulb he uses for light to the dependence of his grandfather and the likes on sun. He remembers the way his father used to bathe him. He kind of misses him. He says he still remembers all the popular proverbs his father used to apply in daily life. He relates the voices he hears in the morning to the sweet singing voice of his mother, which used to fill the house in the morning. He uses other examples too mainly kiddish once that are part life of many. That he compares his actions to his little daughter and his son. He then goes on to relate himself to his grandson too and see a similarity between his actions and his grandson’s. He says even though he doesn’t have a grandson yet but he is sure whenever he will be there he will have something in common with the poet himself. And thus all these people by themselves define the poet. And he says he is not defined fully till all these people are taken into account. Metaphor has been used very wisely and in an appealing way. Poem in itself is a beautiful idea. Similar idea has been expressed in Self portrait too though here it is in more detailed way. Astronomer Sky-man in a manhole with astronomy for dream, astrology for nightmare; fat man full of proverbs, the language of lean years, living in square after almanac square prefiguring the day of windfall and landslide through a calculus of good hours, clutching at the tear in his birthday shirt as at a hole in his mildewed horoscope, squinting at the parallax of black planets, his Tiger, his Hare moving in Sanskrit zodiacs, forever troubled by the fractions, the kidneys in his Tamil flesh, is body the Great Bear dipping for the honey, the woman-smell in the small curly hair down there. About the poem: This poem is probably about Ramanujam’s father. His father was both an astronomer and an astrologer. He has also writher an essay on the same topic. Ramanujam’s father was both an astrologer and astronomer and had good knowledge of both these areas. Thus it was hard for Ramanujam to understand how he could bring consistency in his though while thinking about any stars. This is because science just says that stars are balls of helium burning and having no direct control on our life whatsoever. However astrology has a different perspective. It suggests that these stars and planets do have a direct role in our life. He is calling his father a sky-man. He tells him about stars about starts as a part of astrology, as some magnificent objects. Many times this happens when he wants the child poet to fall to sleep having dreams about those great stars. In fact stars have definitely become a part of his beautiful dreams in that way. But on the other hand, when his father talks about stars as a part of astrology, and tells him they have a control on his life, it makes the poet scared. He says the person telling him all that is a fat man now and using proverbs are a way of talking for him. And this is quiet different from the way he used to be when he was young. Through various calculations and diagrams he claims to tell them about their futures. He handles all this as a careful artist, nothing less. Then he mentions the great bear which is a constellation in the sky. And he uses these to amuse others. Through these and many other ways he becomes astrologer and astronomers alternately amusing and entertaining other.

Security Process Using RFID-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Using an internet search, explore an Internet of Things project currently underway or already in place. Provide a detailed account of the issues it responds to and outline its key features. Answer: Introduction With the increase in demand from industries for a better approach on control systems, this paper elaborates the way to make the control systems smarter and thus decrease the risk of going into the areas where these conventional access controls are installed (Kang et al., 2016). EKTM4C123GXL board is used for these purposes. The data from the Biometric sensors and RFID reader is transferred to microcontroller chip. If the data matches then the door opens. The signal is also send to the systems via same network of WiFi. Solution with features To secure the locks of the door, the security system of using biometric and RFID reader is used. The smart card of the client is read by the RFID reader and the fingerprint is taken by the biometric sensor (Carper, 2014). The features of the biometric sensor are- High-Accuracy and High-Speed Fingerprint Identification by the implementation of the SmackFinger 3.0 Algorithm The images are downloaded from the biometric device Databases and Fingerprint Templates by Simple UART protocol (Default 9600 baud) are also read 1:N Identification and 1:1 Verification of 360 Fingerprint Recognition is done by this sensor The data collected from the Biometric sensor is then transferred to the WiFi module 1for matching. If the data gets matched then further it is transferred to the WiFi module 2 which trips the relay and the door is opened (Liu Gu, 2016). The features of WiFI module 2 are- Power Management Subsystems and Wi-Fi Network Processor are present Host Interference Subsystems having Power Management Advanced Low-Power Modes Wi-Fi Processor Subsystem Diagram of security process Fig: Security process using RFID technology and Biometric Sensor Working Process of System The RFID reader or a reader known as wiegand reader reads the smart card of the individual. A signal of 125 KHz is transmitted through. The card does not have any power source. The reader gives some voltage in the card and then a 16 bit card number is transmitted to the reader. The card number is then transmitted to the microcontroller through two data pins by the reader. The protocol used for this process is known as Wiegand protocol (Mei Yin et al., 2016). There is a 26 bit format for the Wiegand protocol. The first 13 bit of the chip is even parity bit. After the even parity, the chip is followed by facility code of 8bits. More security is provided in the facility code. The facility code is used where there is a same card number of the employee for two different companies (Park, Hildreth Hazzard, 2017). After the 8 bit facility code, the card number of 16 bit is present and these are the odd parity bits. The biometric scanner that is used in this process is the fingerprint scanner. The work of the biometric job is to take a picture of the finger and to check whether the finger print matches the previously stored finger print database. Only the specific characteristics that are unique to all fingerprints are taken as the encrypted biometric key. The image of the fingerprint is not saved (D'ambrosio, 2016). Only the series of binary code is saved for further verification. There is no chance of converting the algorithm to an image which decreases the level of duplicity (Sowjanya Nagaraju, 2016). A serial data is transferred to the by the fingerprint scanner to the microcontroller. The transfer of data takes place through UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter). The GPIO reads the data from Wiegand reader as input pins and a code is written according to the Wiegand protocol (Mei Yin et al., 2016). The code received is then matched with predefined numbers stored in the flash R OM, and then a signal high is send to the module 1 if the number becomes valid. The high value is then transferred to WiFi module 2 and a relay is tripped and the door opens. Advantages of using security with RFID Easy to use RFID technology as security Data tracking is much easier in biometric sensor and RFID technology Data are secured This method of security is very much flexible Disadvantages of using security with RFID If somehow the fingerprint does not match with the predefined data, the door will not open in spite the person is valid. There is a chance of WiFi connection failure. If the RFID tag gets lost, it will create a chance for robbery. External Flash memory will have to be used if there are more number of people. Conclusion Outlining the smart access control is a profitable way by which the problem faced by the industries can be overcome. Energy efficient can be obtained by selecting a proper microcontroller. Products that are based on IoT are famous in the innovation of the technical area. More and more improved versions of the IoTs are yet to come in the future world. References Carper, T. A. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,799,167. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. D'ambrosio, G. J., Ganel, O., Moody, N., Moreno, G. (2016).U.S. Patent No. 9,324,051. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Kang, Y. S., Park, I. H., Rhee, J., Lee, Y. H. (2016). MongoDB-based repository design for IoT-generated RFID/sensor big data.IEEE Sensors Journal,16(2), 485-497. Liu, C., Gu, Y. (2016, July). Research on indoor fire location scheme of RFID based on WiFi. InNicograph International (NicoInt), 2016(pp. 116-119). 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