What were the major features of economic change in Europe in the Essay

What were the major features of economic change in Europe in the period 1500-1914 - Essay Example This period also marks a time of population growth which clearly impacted on the economic developments being experienced by many European nations during this time. This paper shall discuss the major features of economic change in Europe in the period of 1500 to 1914. The economic changes in United Kingdom and on Germany shall be highlighted for this paper. Body In general, from 1750 to 1914, economic changes in Europe included the introduction of railroad use in the transport of goods. These railroads also helped usher in urbanization and a continuity of the imperialism goals of Europe with the spread of their trade with other countries and with the expansion of political linkages (North Penn School District, 2002). Within this same time period, major economic changes were also seen, especially with the increase in commercialized activities ushered in by improved methods in the transport of goods. It also marked a time of improved communication, with common activities involving terri torial expansion and exploration (North Penn School Disrict, 2002). Europe’s economic activities also shifted from imperialistic goals to colonization activities as Europeans were now considering expansion as a means of gaining advantage over their competitors. This period also marked a time where the European economy shifted from agricultural activities to industrial activities. Homemade goods became factory made and more raw materials were transported from their various colonies. This led to a significant increase in their production of food, clothing, and other products. The motivation to expand at this time was a major goal for Europe and these goals also shifted towards the acquisition of more lands. The colonies also became major sources of raw materials for Europe and as such, Europe was able to rise as a major global economic power. Its attention now shifted from imperialistic to colonialist goals. And this shift in goals was seemingly dictated by its access to mercan tile goals (North Penn School District, 2002). Due to these shift in goals, Europe was able to concentrate its activities toward more industrial goals, expanding its economic activities beyond the ability to feed its population. As a result, it became a major player in trading with its neighbours and with the rest of the world. Two major events were seen from the 1500 to 1914 in Great Britain. This period saw the birth of Industrial Revolution and the manifestation of Demographic Transition (Clark and Cummins, 2009). The Industrial Revolution marked a time of rapid economic growth and the introduction of new innovations. Before the Industrial Revolution, the concern of the governments was to increase population, not to improve their lives. Before the industrial revolution, the higher income population had higher overall fertility rates. Without the industrial revolution, an even greater increase in the population would have been seen (Clark and Hamilton, 2006). Eventually, in Englan d, increased rates in marriage became apparent in the 1890s, however, substantial decrease in fertility rates were seen with the introduction of industrial activities. Hence, the focus of the people and of the government was turned towards decreasing population growth. After 1910, the focus also was turned towards improving the lives of the people – their standards of living – and this saw further possibilities for Britain in improving the potential of the population for more scholarly work (Clark and Cummins, 2009). The Demographic Transition Period was seen from 1870 to 1910. This marked a general decline in net fertility. What was started during the industrial revolution manifested during the period of demographic transition (Clark a

Marketing for Construction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Marketing for Construction - Essay Example Marketing decision variables play a central role in the retailing company's overall strategy. There are a range of priorities for the businesses which need to prioritised according to the business philosophy of the business. In fact, market segmentation and opportunity prioritization go hand in hand. Construction related products like houses cannot be replaced as frequently as FMCG goods. Therefore, the company in FMCG sector requires to be regularly in touch with the customers and take care of their future needs as well. While in FMCG the packaging of the products holds a significant value proposition, in construction business, packaging doesn't hold much significance. Instead, the quality of the construction material is more crucial for the customer In the FMCG sector, in order to bring about a difference in product, the research and development activities are always on the lookout for a product or system, which can deliver better value for money. But the construction sector being capital intensive doesn't require such frequent upgrades. What needs to be ensured is that the building material being supplied happens to be of the best quality. ii. A1b. What do you believe are the main reasons for the differences that you identified in Ans: The main reasons for the difference in marketing approach are; i. The nature of product: While a majority of the products from FMCG sector are meant to be discarded after using it for a while, the product from construction sector last really long. ii. Consumption pattern: While making use of a product from FMCG, the consumer realises the time spent with the product, value delivered by the product etc. but in case of a house, if the consumer is getting good value for the money spent, then such a realisation seldom comes. iii. There has been a marked shift in the treatment of a supply chain over the last couple of decades, especially in retail and grocery markets. It is widely accepted that the most influential members of marketing channels for FMCGs are now the retail supermarkets (Stem and El-Ansary, 1992). But there are no such outlets for the construction sector as yet. iv. While the constructed house or property can be easily customised to suit the specific needs of the customer even after the purchase, by adding or altering the construction. But such customisation is not easily possible for FMCG products. A1c. Identify three (3) marketing activities common to leading FMCG companies that you believe are; (i.)

Income Statement Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Income Statement - Case Study Example Revenue recognition is a significant issue because it is among the principles outlined under the GAAP that are to be followed when recording financial statements. In the field of accounting, the preparation of financial statements is guided by a number of principles. One of the main principles of accounting is the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). GAAP outlines a series of principles including the principle of revenue recognition. It outlines that entities should record and recognize revenue when a product has been delivered or there is the completion of a service. This includes the entity not having any regard to the timing of cash flow from the operations of the organization. For instance, if a business makes an order of one hundred compact discs from their supplier during the month of January, receives them in February and make payments in March. The wholesaler should record revenue in the month of February when he made the delivery rather than in January when a bus iness deal was established or in March when payment for delivery was received (Porter and Norton, 2009). The matching principle requires that business entities match their expenses with related revenues during the same financial period. The principle is majorly applicable in the determination of income for a specific time period. This is because the measurement of income involves the matching of revenues earned and the expenses incurred in the process of earning revenues (Norton, Diamond and Pagach, 2006). The first step in recording income for a business involves the determination of revenue which is later on followed by the deduction of the expenses incurred in earning that revenue figure. This eventually results in the determination of the net income figure. The idea behind the concept of the matching principle is that there is a cause and effect relationship between revenues and expenses. For instance, sales are as a result of the cost of goods sold expense and sales commissions . Part II Apple Inc is a US based company that specializes in the design and marketing of consumer electronics, software and personal computers. The company is one of the best performing companies in the global business market. Philips on the other hand is a Dutch company that specializes in the manufacturing of electronics. The company has emerged to be one of the strongest electronic brands in the global market. I have two financial periods for the companies including 2010 and 2009. The financial statements for Apple Inc and Philips are located under the following links: Apple Inc. http://moneycentral.msn.com/investor/invsub/results/statemnt.aspx?symbol=AAPL http://moneycentral.msn.com/investor/invsub/results/statemnt.aspx?lstStatement=Balance&stmtView=Qtr&symbol=US%3aAAPL http://moneycentral.msn.com/investor/invsub/results/statemnt.aspx?lstStatement=CashFlow&stmtView=Ann&symbol=US%3aAAPL Philips http://www.philips.com/shared/assets/Downloadablefile/Investor/Annual_Report_Full_Eng lish_2009.pdf http://www.philips.com/shared/assets/Investor_relations/pdf/Annual_Report_English_2010.pdf Apple Inc and Philips follow the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles convention (GAAP) under their respective countries. Apple Inc prepares its financial statements on a basis that is consistent with the US GAAP whereas Philips prepares its fina

MGT A7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGT A7 - Essay Example Leadership and management are two distinctive functions that an organization should have. They are the Conner stones of success and growth of an organization. There should be a balance between management and leadership of an organization. Kotter article has explained that most companies in United States of America do not have equilibrium the two different functions. A number of corporations within US put more emphasis and attention on management with little attention on leadership. More successful corporations in US seek qualified personnel who posses leadership qualities and employ them to take on crucial roles that require ability to lead well. Such companies balance strong leadership with strong management propelling them to success (Kotter, 2001). Basing on the functions that this article has given to leaders and managers, a successful corporation should have more leaders as compared to managers. This article has cited an example a military setup to explain how leadership is more important than management in an organization. In this example, a peacetime army can succeed with good leadership at the highest ranks. In addition, good leadership at all levels is important to ensure success. This example explains that good leadership at the top hierarchies of an organization determines the success of that organization. All levels of a corporation need to have good leadership to ensure success. An organization should go through with variations in time many changes. Changes within an organization or external changes are unavoidable. A crucial function of leadership is coping with changes within and outside an organization. This is a key function because in the past years there has been a rapid increase in market competition between organizations. Organizations should adopt a number of changes in order to compete successfully with its competitors. Failure to cope up with market changes can lead to collapse of a company due to

Out and Disabled Essay Example for Free

Out and Disabled Essay Compare and Contrast the ways in how â€Å"Out, Out† and â€Å"Disabled† present the idea of a forgotten victim The poem â€Å"Out, Out† by Robert Frost has a strong resemblance with the poem â€Å"Disabled† by Wilfred Owen as both poems demonstrate the fragility of life and how one person’s death can be easily forgotten. â€Å"Out, Out† the title speaks of everything, used in Shakespeare’s play ‘Macbeth’ It implies how life is ultimately described like a candle, when the flame goes off there is eternal darkness. In â€Å"Disabled† it essentially shows the same meaning where the women’s interest passed to â€Å"strong men that were whole† because the once glorious man in â€Å"Disabled† became nothing at all. The use of personification in â€Å"Out, Out† where the buzz saw â€Å"snarled and rattled† evokes a sense of foreboding. The buzz saw is seen as aggressive where cutting the boy’s hand was seen as a target and was meant to happen after all. The saw is seen as aggressive where cutting the boy’s hand was seen as a target and was meant to happen after all. The boy is simply nothing but dinner to the predator as he was its â€Å"supper† was mentioned right at the same moment when his hand was cut off. This is an effective method of making the boy seem worthless. The buzz saw has its own mind and is always one step ahead to make it seem dominant. Betrayal is a key point of the two poems as both victims had been betrayed by their own people. The boy was seen as only another death so no one cared about what happened since they were not the â€Å"ones dead† so they just move on with their life without any mourning. In â€Å"Disabled† the man was also seen as someone who is nothing as he is no longer â€Å"whole†. Where he was once a celebrated man, his life had completely changed due to his inexperience and naive view on war. He shares a similar fate as to the boy in â€Å"Out, Out† His actions were noble but they don’t matter at all since he had gained nothing out of it, he wasn’t able to win his â€Å"Meg† and he only brought back scars from the war. He was left alone like garbage since the women moved away to the other â€Å"strong men†. No matter what he did for his nation, he was a forgotten victim like the boy in â€Å"Out, Out†. It explains that the lives of these two people are insignificant and it’s best just to move on. On the other hand, both poems are both structured differently. â€Å"Out, Out† is a flowing story which has no stanzas. This structure allows the poem to be more fluid and keeps the pace of the story moving. It is seen through a third person perspective whereas â€Å"Disabled† the structure of the poem has stanzas and shows the perception of the past and the present. Robert Frosting juxtaposes the structure of the poem which aims to give a strong sense of contrast from one another so by using the past and the present, it is a very important role in the poem because one of the interesting part of â€Å"Disabled† is the main character as we can easily see how rueful he is due to his nostalgic days of when he was young. At stanza 1, it is hard to convince that the ruined man is the same person in stanza 3. He was known as one of the admired people as he was â€Å"silly† for his face. As he looked like a ‘god in kilts’ it is very contrasting to his future where he is in his â€Å"ghastly† suit. However, even though they have a contrasting structure they have something similar in terms of events that are not mentioned. Both poems predict something dreadful is about to happen to the characters as the personification used in ‘Out, Out’ ‘snarled and rattled’ hints that that the buzz saw is planning to strike. The structure has an unusual change where it is first introduced to something unpleasant which is the buzz saw but then the tone quickly changes to a tranquil state. Then it quickly shows the mountain ranges ‘one behind the other’ and ‘under the sunset, far into Vermont’ it foreshadows the boy’s death as the beauty could symbolize heaven. The tone quickly changes from concentrated to something serene. One other thing which is fascinating is that the poem has an image of society where society is cruelly creating the feeling of a forgotten victim just like the â€Å"women† in â€Å"Disabled†. The fact that both poems have the characters offering their body part creates an impression that they are worthless. It gives an idea that the body parts are no longer their own body. In â€Å"Disabled† he â€Å"threw away† his knees which is an unsympathetic manner to mention about his own legs â€Å"Out, out† is very comparable as he has â€Å"given† the hand. The fact that it wasn’t mentioned as â€Å"his† hand proves that it was no longer his own. In the poems both protagonists are robbed of their youth because they are both thrust into a dangerous adult world. They are chosen to be killed and left alone even though they are young which gives a poignant feeling and the sense of being forgotten. They interestingly have the same characteristics because in ‘Out, out’ the boy is doing â€Å"a man’s work† which implies a sense of experience and doing work that is years ahead of his age. Equal with â€Å"Disabled† where he finds himself in the present in a suit of grey. Similarly both protagonist in the poems portray the sense of being used by people because once they can’t achieve anything, they are no use to their leaders and society so they are left alone, isolated and gone from the world feeling betrayed as the boy was just basically used and the disabled man was rejected may assume that he threw away his life as well as he â€Å"poured† the colours down into shell holes. In comparison, the boy in â€Å"Out, Out† gives a stronger feeling of sorrow or grief for the boy as he is doing something he shouldn’t. In â€Å"Disabled† the idea of a forgotten victim is not shown as him resulting in death. It is the opposite of the boy as he is longing for his death. A powerful word Wilfred Owen used was that sleep had â€Å"mothered† which is a personification that shows his love of sleep where he is nurtured and safe, it even implies that the man is depressed. It assumes that the disabled man wants to escape from reality and go to his own reality in his sleep. Overall, the fragility and delicateness of life and youth mainly presents the idea of the forgotten victim. A forgotten victim is usually immobilized and helpless when they have lost everything. â€Å"Out, Out† and â€Å"Disabled† poignantly present forgotten victims. Even when doing a noble action like joining the army, a man can still be rejected among people. â€Å"Out, out† and â€Å"Disabled† were both written during difficult times and acquaints the reader to the atmosphere of the early 19’s. â€Å"Disabled† and â€Å"Out, Out† was written during the World War 1 where it was difficult and dark times yet in â€Å"Out, Out† we get a taste of how cold society was back then. Society can be cruel and filled with individualism where everyone is their own man so it plays a key point of making the two victims forgotten.

Search For My Tongue Essay

Search For My Tongue Essay The autobiographical poem is about the conflict of identity, of two tongues. The poet, living in a foreign country, speaking a foreign language, is afraid of losing her mother tongue. She fears it might rot and die. The poem tells us of how she then dreams about her mother tongue returning as she sleeps: blossoming, growing back. It reflects the idea that our language is our identity. The poem shows the importance of identity in different ways. When she explains losing her mother tongue over her other language she is losing a part of herself: if you had two tongues inside you and lost the first one, the mother tongue. Search for my tongue represents a common and modern conflict which many can relate to and even empathise towards. The structure of the poem expresses the poets feeling and ideas about identity. Search for my tongue has a clear three part layout which symbolises the poets feelings about her divided identity. The clearly divided stanzas symbolise divided culture and identity and the difficulties of being fluent in two languages are expressed in the first stanza. You could not use them both together, even if you thought that way. There is strong imagery in the poem which represents the poets feelings about her divided identity. She imagines that knowing two languages is like having two tongues she compares her tongue to a flower: would rot and die, it grows back, grows strong veins there are two main images created throughout the poem which contrast each other. The first being the mother tongue rotting and dying as the other foreign tongue takes over. It contrasts greatly with the second image which is more positive and pleasant, her mother tongue blossoms and shoots up like a plant. She is pleased when she realises: every time I think I have forgotten, I think Ive lost the mother tongue, it blossoms out of my mouth. The poem moves from explaining what its like to lose your mother tongue: your mother tongue would rot, rot and die in your mouth to showing the joy of rediscovering it: it grows backà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the bud opens, the bud opens in my mouth, it pushes the other tongue aside and so has a changing tone. I ask you what would you do if you had two tongues in your mouth this quotation emphasises that, for the writer, being able to speak two languages has led to difficulties. I ask you involves the reader in the situation making the reader empathise with Bhatt. Lines 17-30 are written in Guajarati with phonetic spelling. The phonetic spelling allows those who arent bilingual to also relate to the poem. But the use of another language could also be a way of disorientating the reader, as those who are not bilingual would not understand it. The Guajarati stanza describes the comeback of her mother tongue and also gives the impression that although you may forget your mother tongue, you still dream in your native tongue: but overnight whilst I dream it grows back and it will never leave you. The Guajarati lines are translated immediately afterwards, this symbolises the return of her mother tongue. The structure expresses the problem of identity of the poet. She puts the Guajarati tongue at the heart of the poem as if it is the heart of her being. The Guajarati part of the poem shows us her mother tongue visually and emphasises the difference from English. The English language also contrasts throughout the poem as she uses a more informal approach at the beginning making it sound like shes talking to the reader about her problem: you ask me what I mean whilst at the end she uses more metaphoric language. Metaphorical language is used in the poem to show ideas about identity. The poets tongue is described as a living thing. In the poem Search for my tongue there is an extended metaphor of her tongue being like a flower growing in her mouth: grows longer, grows moist, grows strong veins and words like bud an blossoms show that its growing back and create the impression that her tongue is rooted in her. It emphasises her feelings about her identity coming through her mother tongue. Using Guajarati shows the two languages operating in her life and makes a powerful point in the poem. It shows the contrast of the two languages. The Guajarati has more plosives and is harsh sounding, whereas in contrast the English is softer sounding. The positioning of the Guajarati: at the core of the poem with English either side of it, gives the impression that the two languages are able to function together in her life. The languages changing in the poems also represent her struggle to find her identity, representing no fixed identity but different layers that adapt to the surroundings, not frozen at a time or place. The poem presents from my aunts in Pakistan uses the experience of receiving ethnic clothes from Pakistan to explore a sense of shared culture and identity. It also projects the dilemma of divided culture and divided families. The idea of using a representation of identity is repeated in Alvis poem but there is a more materialistic approach compared to Bhatts efforts. The technique of a symbolic structure is also true in Alvis poem. Presents does not have an orthodox structure but contains distinguishable stanzas organised as free flowing verses. The lines move backwards and forwards as if to symbolise the move between the two cultures. The free flowing verses also allow for the sentences to contain sudden pauses and then continue on the next line (Enjambment). This continues throughout the whole poem giving it a hint of suspense. The structure could also represent a trail of thoughts as they resemble the path a persons mind would take whilst wondering slowly flowing moving from one idea to the next. Alvi also contrasts English culture with Asian culture as does Bhatt with the languages. She receives gifts of clothes, shoes and bangles from her relatives. In the first stanza they are described carefully and in huge detail to stress their difference to English clothes. An image of an exotic and colourful outfit is merged in the readers mind from the description. The bright colours of the salwar kameez suggest the familiar indication of exotic clothes worn by Asian women, but when she states: candy-striped glass bangles snapped, drew blood it is creating an image, symbolising how her tradition harms her. It can be assumed she feels, as if it is not practical for the lifestyle of a young woman in the west or it could be a way of showing how her Pakistani heritage was cut short and snapped like the bangle. In contrast she does secretly admire the clothes, envying their beauty and feels intimidated by them: I could never be as lovely as those clothes. She mentions feeling alien when wearing them. The poem also shows her in two minds when she longs for denim and corduroy, indicating the English side of her nature but also wants her parents very Pakistani camel skin lamp. This symbolises the conflict of her identity. There is strong imagery in the poem as Alvi uses detailed and vivid descriptions to build up an image entwined with personal meaning. This is cleverly carried out throughout the whole poem. In the poem she recalls the event of her mothers jewellery being stolen. She comments on how important the jewellery was to her mother as she cherished the Indian gold. The fact of it being stolen perhaps shows how her mother wasnt part of the Asian culture. She then once more admires the clothes and states the presents were radiant in my wardrobe. This stanza ends with the irony that the aunts who sent the traditional clothes themselves requested cardigans from Marks Spencer. I often admired the mirror work, tried to glimpse myself in the miniature glass circles. The fact that they were so small means Alvi would not have been able to see her whole reflection, just a segment which underlines the idea of a split identity. She briefly recalls her journey from Pakistan to England. Prickly heat had me screaming on the way emphasises pain and the difficulty of being divided between two cultures. She tries to visualise her birthplace using photographs. She reads about the conflict in Pakistan in the newspapers describing it as a fractured land, which reflected her fractured identity. She pictures her aunts, screened from male visitors by fretwork, wrapping presents. She sees beggars, sweeper-girls. She pictures herself: of no fixed nationality. This shows she feels no sense of belonging. Like her aunts, she is behind a screen, the screen symbolises division and stops her from seeing the whole image. The clothes make her embarrassed as she blushes: my costume clung to me and I was aflame she then states: I couldnt rise up out of its fire, half English, unlike aunt Jamila and comments on her presumably Pakistani aunt Jamila and how she can rise up out of its fire by being bold enough to wear such garments and look perfectly natural. Her half English heritage makes such display seem excessive. She feels as though her half English heritage holds her back from looking natural. Alvi: not being as daring, longs for denim and corduroy plainer but comfortable and inconspicuous. Moniza Alvi shows a paradox as she secretly admires the presents but felt they were too exquisite for her and lacked street credibility. This is shown when her school friend is unimpressed by her outfit. Moniza Alvi tends to use more descriptive language in her poem and does not use many metaphors but frequently describes in detail building up images for the reader. Whereas Bhatt uses more colloquial language at the beginning and then goes on to use more metaphoric language including an extended metaphor: Alvi does not. The other similarity between the poems is the tense. Both poems have a changing tense, reflecting the idea of changing identity.

Labour Unions and General Motors :: essays research papers

The Workings of Automotive Unions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The last bolt is screwed on as a relieved automotive worker marvels at his wondrous creation: a car. With the roar of an engine, the car slowly disappears into the distance. The worker gradually turns around, picks up his tools, and continues to work on a new car. As a consumer, we rarely wonder how things are made; we simply take everything we own for granted. For once, have you wondered how many hours of hard labor many automotive workers must go through? The automotive industry has been around for many years, but it has not always been as efficient as it currently is. As the industry continues to evolve, many new innovative ideas are still being developed. In the past, automotive workers have had to work in harsh conditions without much security or job benefits. Nevertheless, through the continuous development of organized collective bargaining, workers are being treated as they should be. Being the largest automobile manufacturer in the world, General Motors C orporation has been greatly affected by the needs of their workers. Rick Wagoner, CEO of General Motors, is currently in charge of â€Å"running the show† at GM. Being the most successful automotive company since 1931, it is obvious that he not only has to satisfy customers, but also the workers within the company. From the smallest things such as a work raise to bigger things such as the working condition, the management of General Motors has been pressured to make both positive and negative changes to the way the company is run as a whole in order to satisfy the workers who are part of the UAW Union. Therefore, the formation and development of unions encompasses both pros and cons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the automobile industry made its first appearance in the early 1900s, General Motors had already slowly begun its formation. GM was founded in 1908 by William C. Durant, a carriage manufacturer of Flint, Michigan, and today operates manufacturing and assembly plants and distribution centers in many countries, including Canada . Its major products include automobiles and trucks, a wide range of automotive components, engines, and defense and aerospace materiel. General Motors has a long history of business and technological innovation designed to deliver ever-increasing value to their customers and society. GM today has manufacturing operations in more than 30 countries and its vehicles are sold in about 200 countries.